Linux File Permissions 101

beginner Hands-on lab 20 min 3 tasks

Learn how Linux file permissions work — read/write/execute, owner/group/other, and how to read and change them with chmod and chown.

Linux File Permissions 101

Every file and directory on a Linux system carries a set of permissions that decide who can do what with it. In this Edge you'll learn to:

  • Read the 10-character permission string from ls -l
  • Understand the three permission classes: owner, group, and other
  • Understand the three permission bits: read (r), write (w), and execute (x)
  • Translate between symbolic (rwxr-xr--) and octal (754) notation
  • Change permissions with chmod and ownership with chown

By the end you'll be able to look at any ls -l line and know exactly who can read, write, or run it — and fix it when it's wrong.

Ready to start hacking?

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Updated 2026-06-04